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4. Questions - Got a question about Nitrate then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
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8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Nitrate site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
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10. Payment - ready to pay for your Nitrate, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
map of the nitrate ion. Areas coloured red are lower in energy than areas coloured yellow. The oxygen atoms carry the majority of the negative charge.
In inorganic chemistry, a
nitrate is a salt (chemistry) of
nitric acid with an ion composed of one
nitrogen and three
oxygen atoms (NO3−). In
organic chemistry the
esters of nitric acid and various
alcohols are called nitrates. Nitrate from food, especially
vegetables, is converted in the human digestive tract to
nitrite which reacts with
amines to form
carcinogenic nitrosamines.
Chemical properties
The
nitrate ion is a
polyatomic ion ion with the
empirical formula nitrogenoxygen3− and a molecular mass of 62.0049. It is the conjugate acid of nitric acid, consisting of one central nitrogen
atom surrounded by three identical oxygen atoms in a
trigonal planar arrangement. The nitrate ion carries a formal charge of negative one, where each oxygen carries a -2/3 charge while the nitrogen carries a +1 charge, and is commonly used as an example of
Resonance (chemistry). The three canonical structures of the nitrate ion are shown resonating below:
Almost all inorganic nitrate salts are solubility in water at standard temperature and pressure.
In
organic chemistry a nitrate is a
functional group with general chemical formula RONO2 where R stands for any organic residue. They are the esters of nitric acid and alcohols formed by
nitroxylation. Examples are
methyl nitrate formed by reaction of
methanol and nitric acid,
Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 2, p.412 (1943); Vol. 19, p.64 (1939) Link the nitrate of
tartaric acid,
Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 3, p.471 (1955); Vol. 22, p.65 (1942) Link and the inappropriately named
nitroglycerin.
Related materials
Nitrates should not be confused with
nitrites (NO2-) the salts of
nitrous acid.
Organic compounds containing the nitro functional group (which has the same formula and structure as the nitrate ion save that one of the O− atoms is replaced by the R group) are known as nitro compounds.
Effects on aquatic life
In freshwater or
estuary systems close to land, nitrate can reach high levels that can potentially cause the death of fish. While nitrate is much less toxic than ammonia or nitrite,Romano, N, Zeng, C., 2007. Acute toxicity of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride and their effects on the hemolymph composition and gill structure of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs (
Portunus pelagicus, Linneaus 1758) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae).
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 26, 1955-1962. levels over 30 ppm of nitrate can inhibit growth, impair the immune system and cause stress in some aquatic species. In most cases of excess nitrate concentrations, the principle pathway of entering aquatic systems is through surface runoff from agricultural or landscaped areas which have received excess nitrate fertilizer. These levels of nitrate can also lead to algae blooms, and when nutrients become limiting (such as potassium, phosphate or nitrate) then
eutrophication can occur. As well as leading to water
anoxia, these blooms may cause other changes to ecosystem function, favouring some groups of organisms over others. Consequently, as nitrates form a component of total dissolved solids, they are widely used as an indicator of water quality.
Nitrates are also a by product of septic tank. Specifically, they are a naturally occurring chemical that is left after the break down or decomposition of animal or human waste. Water quality may also be affected through ground water resources that have a high number of septic systems in a watershed. Septics leach down into ground water resources or aquifers and supply near by bodies of water. Lakes that rely on ground water are often affected by nitrification through this process.
See also
External links
- Case Studies in Environmental Medicine - Nitrate/Nitrite Toxic
- Computational Chemistry Wiki Nitrate
References
map of the nitrate ion. Areas coloured red are lower in energy than areas coloured yellow. The oxygen atoms carry the majority of the negative charge.
In
inorganic chemistry, a
nitrate is a salt (chemistry) of
nitric acid with an ion composed of one
nitrogen and three
oxygen atoms (NO3−). In organic chemistry the esters of nitric acid and various
alcohols are called nitrates. Nitrate from food, especially
vegetables, is converted in the human
digestive tract to nitrite which reacts with amines to form carcinogenic
nitrosamines.
Chemical properties
The
nitrate ion is a
polyatomic ion ion with the empirical formula nitrogenoxygen3− and a molecular mass of 62.0049. It is the
conjugate acid of nitric acid, consisting of one central nitrogen atom surrounded by three identical oxygen atoms in a
trigonal planar arrangement. The nitrate ion carries a formal charge of negative one, where each oxygen carries a -2/3 charge while the nitrogen carries a +1 charge, and is commonly used as an example of Resonance (chemistry). The three canonical structures of the nitrate ion are shown resonating below:
Almost all inorganic nitrate salts are
solubility in water at standard temperature and pressure.
In organic chemistry a nitrate is a
functional group with general chemical formula RONO2 where R stands for any organic residue. They are the esters of nitric acid and
alcohols formed by
nitroxylation. Examples are
methyl nitrate formed by reaction of methanol and nitric acid,
Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 2, p.412 (1943); Vol. 19, p.64 (1939) Link the nitrate of tartaric acid,Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 3, p.471 (1955); Vol. 22, p.65 (1942) Link and the inappropriately named nitroglycerin.
Related materials
Nitrates should not be confused with nitrites (NO2-) the salts of
nitrous acid. Organic compounds containing the nitro
functional group (which has the same formula and structure as the nitrate ion save that one of the O− atoms is replaced by the R group) are known as
nitro compounds.
Effects on aquatic life
In freshwater or estuary systems close to land, nitrate can reach high levels that can potentially cause the death of fish. While nitrate is much less toxic than ammonia or nitrite,Romano, N, Zeng, C., 2007. Acute toxicity of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride and their effects on the hemolymph composition and gill structure of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs (
Portunus pelagicus, Linneaus 1758) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae).
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 26, 1955-1962. levels over 30 ppm of nitrate can inhibit growth, impair the immune system and cause stress in some aquatic species. In most cases of excess nitrate concentrations, the principle pathway of entering aquatic systems is through surface runoff from agricultural or landscaped areas which have received excess nitrate fertilizer. These levels of nitrate can also lead to algae blooms, and when nutrients become limiting (such as potassium, phosphate or nitrate) then
eutrophication can occur. As well as leading to water
anoxia, these blooms may cause other changes to ecosystem function, favouring some groups of organisms over others. Consequently, as nitrates form a component of
total dissolved solids, they are widely used as an indicator of water quality.
Nitrates are also a by product of septic tank. Specifically, they are a naturally occurring chemical that is left after the break down or decomposition of animal or human waste. Water quality may also be affected through ground water resources that have a high number of septic systems in a watershed. Septics leach down into ground water resources or aquifers and supply near by bodies of water. Lakes that rely on ground water are often affected by nitrification through this process.
See also
External links
- Case Studies in Environmental Medicine - Nitrate/Nitrite Toxic
- Computational Chemistry Wiki Nitrate
References
Nitrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In inorganic chemistry, a nitrate is a salt of nitric acid with an ion composed of one nitrogen and three oxygen atoms (NO 3 −). In organic chemistry the esters of nitric acid ...
Definition: nitrate from Online Medical Dictionary
The Online Medical Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology.
Defra, UK - Environmental Protection - Water - Water Quality ...
Nitrates - Nitrate Vulnerable Zones in England. Where are the new Nitrate Vulnerable Zones in England? Maps? How were the NVZs identified? Review of the NVZs
Defra, UK - Environmental Protection - Water - Water Quality ...
Nitrates - reducing water pollution from agriculture Nitrate levels in many English waters, both ground and surface waters, either remain high or are increasing.
Hydrogeology - Nitrate
The concentrations of nitrate in groundwaters in the principal British aquifers are generally rising, and some groundwater sources already exceed the EC Drinking Water Directive ...
Explosives - Ammonium nitrate
This page provides access to information relating to the manufacture, storage, and supply of explosives.
Notification of inventories of ammonium nitrate
The Health and Safety Executive should be notified where anyone handles or stores 150 tonnes or more of ammonium nitrate
k-nitrate.com
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Aquatics Warehouse UK NITRATE REMOVAL
Nitrate Removal ... Pond Kits are cheaper than buying pond filter and pond pumps seperately
Nitrate Vulnerable Zones
Existing Nitrate Vulnerable Zones - England : This website provides access to detailed maps of the existing Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs) in England (designated in 1996 and 2002 ...
